Anodizing aluminum involves cleaning the metal, then submerging it in an acid bath (commonly sulfuric acid) and passing an electric current through it to form a durable oxide layer; after that, it can be dyed and sealed. Etching is usually done before or after anodizing by applying an acid or alkaline solution (like sodium hydroxide) to create a textured or patterned surface. Both processes require proper safety gear, ventilation, and careful handling of chemicals and electricity.